Israeli jets have intensified attacks on central Gaza, residents and medics say, as battles rage through the rubble of towns and refugee camps in a war that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says will take "many more months" to end.
Air strikes pounded al-Maghazi and al-Bureij in the centre of the Palestinian enclave, killing eight people in one house and driving more to flee to Rafah on the border with Egypt from front lines where Israeli tanks are battling Hamas fighters.
A Red Crescent video published on Sunday showed the chaotic aftermath of strikes in central Gaza, as rescuers worked in the dark to carry an injured child from smoking rubble.
The stated goal of Israel's military is to eliminate Hamas, the Palestinian militant group that launched a surprise cross-border assault on Israeli towns on October 7, killing 1200 people, mostly civilians, and grabbing 240 hostages.
Israel's air and artillery bombardment has killed more than 21,800 people according to health authorities in Hamas-run Gaza, with many more feared dead in the rubble, and pushed almost all its 2.3 million people from their homes.
Palestinian health ministry casualty figures do not differentiate between fighters and civilians but the ministry has said 70 per cent of Gaza's dead were women and under-18s.
Israel disputes Palestinian casualty figures and says it has killed 8000 fighters.
The war and a lack of supplies have left 40 per cent of Gazans at risk of famine, the Gaza director of the United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees said on social media on Saturday.
Israel blockaded most food, fuel and medicine after the October 7 attack.
The United States, Israel's main ally, has urged it to scale down the war and European states have signalled alarm at the extent of Palestinian civilian suffering.
However, Netanyahu's comments on Saturday - when he said he would not resign despite opinion polls showing his government is broadly unpopular and defended his security record despite the October 7 attack - indicate there will be no easing soon.
He said "the war is at its height" and Israel would have to retake control of Gaza's border with Egypt - an area now crammed with civilians who have fled the carnage across the rest of the enclave, leading aid agencies to set up "tent cities" for displaced families sleeping rough on the streets.
Retaking the border could also constitute a de facto reversal of Israel's 2005 withdrawal from Gaza, placing it back under exclusive Israeli control and raising new questions over the future of the enclave and prospects for a Palestinian state.
In his last comments as Israeli foreign minister before switching to the energy portfolio on Sunday, Eli Cohen said the border was the likely source of weaponry Hamas had obtained in recent years.
Egypt's Foreign Ministry did not immediately comment on Israeli plans to retake the border area or on whether Hamas weapons had entered Gaza from Egypt.
"We moved here from Khan Younis on the basis that Rafah was a safe place," said Umm Mohammed, 45, a displaced Palestinian woman sheltering by the border.
"There is no space in Rafah as it is overcrowded with displaced.
"If they control the border where will people go?"
The war risks morphing into a wider regional conflict involving Hamas ally Iran and groups Tehran supports across the Middle East.
Israel and Lebanon's Iran-backed Hezbollah have exchanged regular cross-border fire.
Israel has hit Iran-linked targets in Syria and Iran-backed groups have attacked US targets in Iraq.
Israel says 174 of its military personnel have been killed in the Gaza fighting but that its operations are making progress and have destroyed some Hamas tunnels under the enclave.
Hamas media reported on Saturday that Abdel-Fattah Maali, a senior member of the group's armed wing, was killed in an Israeli strike in Gaza.
The reports did not specify when he was killed.
Palestinian media reported that a strike on Saturday night had killed a senior cleric, Sheikh Youssef Salama, who had acted as religious affairs minister in Gaza before Hamas took over the enclave.
