North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and Russian President Vladimir Putin have met for a rare summit at which they discussed military matters, the war in Ukraine and possible Russian help for the secretive Communist state's satellite program.
Putin showed Kim around Russia's most advanced space rocket launch site in Russia's Far East on Wednesday after Kim arrived by train from North Korea.
Kim asked numerous detailed questions about rockets as Putin showed him around the Vostochny Cosmodrome.
After the tour, Putin, 70, and Kim, 39, held talks for several hours with their ministers and then one-on-one, followed by an opulent lunch of Russian "pelmeni" dumplings made with Kamchatka crab and then sturgeon with mushrooms and potatoes.
Kim raised a toast with a glass of Russian wine to Putin's health, to the victory of "great Russia" and to Korean-Russian friendship, predicting victory for Russia in its "sacred fight" with the West in the Ukraine war.
"I firmly believe that the heroic Russian army and people will brilliantly inherit their victories and traditions and vigorously demonstrate their noble dignity and honour on the two fronts of military operations and building a powerful nation," Kim told Putin.
"The Russian army and people will certainly win a great victory in the sacred struggle for the punishment of a great evil that claims hegemony and feeds an expansionist illusion," Kim said, raising his glass.
United States and South Korean officials have expressed concern that Kim would provide weapons and ammunition to Russia, which has expended vast stocks in more than 18 months of war in Ukraine.
Moscow and Pyongyang have denied such intentions.
Putin gave numerous hints that military co-operation was discussed but disclosed few details.
Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu attended the talks and the Kremlin said neighbours talked about sensitive issues that are not for discussing in public.
When asked by Russian media, who were given significant access at the summit, if Russia would help Kim build satellites, Putin said: "That's why we came here."
For Russia, the summit was an opportunity to needle the US, the big power supporter of Ukraine, although it was unclear just how far Putin was prepared to go in fulfilling any North Korean wish lists of technology.
Putin said Kim now planned to visit military and civilian aviation factories in the Russian city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur and inspect Russia's Pacific fleet in Vladivostok.
Putin and Kim called each other "comrades" at lunch and Putin repeatedly reminded Kim that it was the Soviet Union that backed North Korea - and was first to recognise it 75 years since it was established.
Amid the Ukraine war, which has become a grinding artillery war of attrition, the US and Kyiv's other allies are watching to see if Kim's visit paves the way for a supply of artillery to Russia.
Russia has joined China in opposing new sanctions on North Korea, blocking a US-led push and publicly splitting the UN Security Council for the first time since it started punishing Pyongyang in 2006.
Asked about military co-operation, Putin said Russia complied with international rules but that there were opportunities to explore.
The choice to meet at Vostochny Cosmodrome - a symbol of Russia's ambitions as a space power - was notable, as North Korea twice failed to launch reconnaissance satellites in the past four months.
After showing Kim around a building where the Angara, Russia's new 42.7-metre space launch rocket, is assembled, Putin said Kim had shown a "great interest in rocket engineering" during the visit.
As Kim was making his way through the forests of Russia by train, North Korea launched two short-range ballistic missiles from an area near the capital, Pyongyang, into the sea off its east coast.
It was the first such launch by the North while Kim was abroad, analysts said, demonstrating an increased level of delegation and more refined control systems for the country's nuclear and missile programs.
