The United Nations will start vaccinating 640,000 children in the Gaza Strip against polio, a campaign that relies on daily eight-hour pauses in fighting between Israel and Hamas militants in specific areas of the besieged enclave.
The complex campaign, which is targeting children under age 10, follows confirmation last week that a baby was paralysed by the type 2 polio virus, the first such case in the territory in 25 years.
World Health Organization officials say at least 90 per cent of the children need to be vaccinated twice with four weeks between doses for the campaign to succeed, but it faces huge challenges in Gaza, which has been largely destroyed by nearly 11 months of war.
"It's not ideal," Rik Peeperkorn, the WHO's senior official for the Palestinian territories, told reporters in Geneva on Friday.
"We think it is feasible if all of the pieces of the puzzle are in place."
The UN agency said the campaign, beginning on Sunday, would occur in three phases - in central, southern and northern Gaza.
Fighting will pause for at least eight hours on three consecutive days in each phase. The pauses could be extended for a fourth day in each phase, which the WHO said would likely be needed. That would mean each round of vaccinations could take just under two weeks.
The planned pauses are not part of ceasefire negotiations that have been under way for months to try to agree a halt in the fighting in Gaza and a return of Israeli and foreign hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners held by Israel.
"What is now most important is to ensure both the security and access needed to implement the campaign effectively," acting UN aid chief Joyce Msuya said on Thursday.
"I don't need to tell you how disastrous it would be if we were unable to contain this preventable disease – a disease that knows no borders."
Tests on wastewater collected on June 23 confirmed in mid-July that the type 2 polio virus had been detected in six samples.
About 1.2 million vaccine doses have already been delivered to Gaza ahead of the campaign with an additional 400,000 en route to the territory.
COGAT, the Israeli agency that oversees civilian affairs in the occupied Palestinian territories, said the vaccination campaign would be coordinated with the Israeli military "as part of the routine humanitarian pauses."
Those pauses for aid have been implemented periodically since the start of Israel's campaign in Gaza.
Hamas has also agreed to the pauses.
WHO, UNICEF and the UN Palestinian refugee agency UNRWA will carry out the campaign with nearly 400 places where parents can bring their children to receive the oral dose.
About 300 mobile teams will also be used to reach children in more difficult places.
